Every year in the United States, over 700,000 people get an important part of their digestive system removed. Cholecystectomy, or gallbladder removal, is often billed as a permanent solution for gallstones. That solution comes at a high cost, because the gallbladder is an essential part of the digestive system.  Without it, things just don’t work quite right.

Bile produced in the gallbladder is especially important for breaking down fat, so the typical solution from doctors who think fat is unhealthy has been an ultra low-fat diet. But there’s just one problem with this: high fat diets don’t cause gallstones or any other gallbladder problems, and low-fat diets are not a solution.
What is the problem then, if fat isn’t to blame? For starters, sugar has something to do with it: one study found, obesity and a high-carb diet both independently contributed to gallstones. Genetics also play a role, and various groups of people are more likely to suffer from stones (for example, they’re more common in women than in men). And in fact, a low-fat diet can even contribute to forming gallstones
Your gallbladder is an organ that stores bile, a fluid that helps you digest fat. When you eat a nice, fatty meal, your gallbladder releases the stored bile, which breaks down the fat so that your other fat-digesting enzymes can do their job.  Unfortunately, if you never eat a nice fatty meal, the bile just sits around in the gallbladder getting more and more concentrated. Eventually, cholesterol and other substances start to collect and form painful gallstones. That’s why a very low-fat diet can actually make gallstones worse – and why a diet rich in healthy fat can help prevent them.

What happens when you don’t have a gallbladder?